hnti-j-§Ä
\h-cm{Xn - I¶n-amkw þ \h-cm{Xn BtLmjw (9 Znh-kw)
\h-cm{Xn I¶n-am-k-¯ntem Xpem-am-k-¯ntem hcmw I¶n-am-k-¯n-se-I-dp-¯-hm-hp-I-gnªv shfp¯ {]Ya apX 9 Znh-k-amWv tIc-f-¯n \h-cm{Xn BN-cn-bv¡p¶vXv (B-izn\ ip¢-{]-Xn-]Zw apXÂ) Aam-hmkn apX {hXw XpS-§Ww A¶p ]I Hcn-bv¡Â `£Ww tZho-]qP \S-t¯-­Xv Krl-¯n ip²-amb Hcp Øe-¯p-sh-¨mWv. B Øew tXmcWw apXemb-h -sIm­v `wKn-bmbn Ae-¦-cn-bv¡Ww alm-{_m-ÒW³amsc £Wn-¨p- h-cp¯n Ah-sc-¡m­v ]pP \S-¯n-bv¡Ww ZpÀ¤ F¶ A`n-[m-\-t¯m-Sp-IpSn ]mi-IXn Zmh-•m-cpsS ap¼n {]Xy-£-amb AjvSan Znh-k-s¯-ZpÀ¤m-jvSan F¶pw ZpÀ¤-a³ F¶ Akp-c-s\-h-[n¨ Zian hnP-b-Z-ian aZnF¶pw-]-d-ªp-h-cp-¶p. \h-cm-{Xn-{hXw BZrw A\p-jvTn-¨Xv {icm-a-\m-Wv. koXm-]-l-c-W-¯n-\p-tijw Injv¡n-Ô-bn sh¨mWv {iocm-a-X-µ3³ \h-cm-{Xn-]qP BZy-ambn XpS-§n-b-sX¶v tZho`mK-h-X-¯n {]kvXm-hn¨p ImWp-¶p-­v B{hXw FÃm-hcpw A\p-jvTn-bv¡-W-sa¶v \nÀ_-Ô-am-bXv kpZÀi³ F¶ cmPm-hnsâ Imew apX¡m-Wv.
`ph-t\-iz-cnsb kc-kz-Xo-cp-]-¯n k¦Â¸n¨ NneÀ 9 Znh-k-hpw-{K-Ù-]q-P-sN-¿p¶p tIc-f-¯n Zp¤m-jvSan Znhkw {KÙw FSp-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p¶p hnZym-cw`w Zi-an-k-a-b¯p thWw kqtcymZb-¯n-\p-tijw 6 \mgnI Zian Ds­-¦n Zian Ign-bp-¶-Xn-¶p-ap¼v {KÙw FSp-¡Ww c­p-Zn-hkw A§n-s\-bp-s­-¦n c­m-as¯ Znh-k-amWv hnZym-cw-`w. kc-kzXn ]e-\m-a--§-fn Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶p hoWm-k-c-kz-Xn, XmÞh (\r-¯)-k-c-kz-Xn, `mc-Xn, {_m]-an, hmKo-iz-cn, Kmb{Xn Ch-{]-[m\ \ma-§-fmWv kc-kzXn ]qP -th-Z-Im-e-§Ä¡p ap¼p-Xs¶ Ds­¶pw sFXn-ly-ap­v {iok-c-kzXn abn hml-\-am-bn«p lwkhml\ambn«pw cq]n-I-cn-¨p-Im-Wp-¶p­v ZpÀ¤mjvSan, alm-\-hna, hnP-b-Z-i-an Cu ]pWy-Zn-\-§-sf-¸än {io tZho-`m-K-hXw Imfn-I-]p-cmWw \nÀ®-b-kn-Ôp. `hn-jyÂ]p-cm-Ww. aÕy-]p-cmWw F¶o ]pcm-W-§-fnepw {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨p-Im-Wp-¶p-­v. Cu \h-cm{Xn Znh-k-§-fn 9 Znhkhpw t£{X-¯n ]Xnhv NS-§Ä¡p ]pdta {ioZpÀ¤m tZhn-bpsS Xncp k¶n-[n-bn `K-hXn tkhbpw IqSmsX kc-kzXn aWvU-]-¯n {]tXyI ]qPm-Zn-IÀ½-§fpw Npäp-hn-f-¡v, aäv Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \S-¯n-t¸m-cp-¶p. XpSÀ¶v BtLm-j-§Ä hnPb Zian Zn\-¯n Ip«n-I-fpsS hnZym-cw-`-t¯m-Sp-IqSn kam-]n-¡p-¶p.
Xncp-hm-Xnc atlm-Õhw ([\p þ Xncp-hm-Xnc DÕhw )
t£{X ]p\-cp-²m-cW¯n\p tijw t£{X-¯nse {][m\ DÕhw {io ]c-ta-iz-csâ Xncp-\m-fmb [\p-am-k-¯nse Xncp-hm-Xnc Bbn \nÝ-bn-¡p-Ibpw Xncp-hm-Xnc Zn\-¯n Ah-km-\n-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ BtLmj ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ \S-¯n-h-cn-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.-Hcp hÀj-¯nse Gähpw ssZÀLy-ta-dnb cm{Xn F¶ {]tXy-IX IqSn Cu Znh-k-¯n-\p-­v.
sFXnlyw ]c-a-in-h\pw ]mÀÆXn amXmhpw X½n \S¶ hnhmlw Xncp-hm-Xnc \mfn-emWv F¶mWv hnizm-kw.Z£-bm-K-¯n\v £W-an-ÃmsX t]mb kXn-tZ-hnsb Z£³ A]-am-\n-¡p-I-bpw. CXn a\w s\m´ kXn-tZhn tZl-XymKw sNbvX hnh-c-a-dnª {io ]c-a-in-h³ Zp:JnX\pw Ip]n-X-\p-ambn Z£s\ h[n-¡p-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw lnam-e-b-¯n ITn\ X]-Ê-\p-jvTn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kXn-tZhn ]mÀÆXo tZhn-bmbn ]p\ÀP-\n¨v ]c-ta-iz-cs\ `À¯m-hmbn e`n-¡m³ ]qPbpw X]Êpw Bcw-`n-¡p-I-bp-­m-bn. Cu kabw Akp-c³am-cpsS D]-{Z-h-¯n \n¶pw tZh³amsc c£n-¡m³ inh-]p-{X-\p-am-{Xta Ignbq F¶v a\-Ên-em¡n tZh³amÀ Ima-tZ-h-t\mSv klmbw A`yÀ°n-¨p. A`yÀ°\ am\n-¨v Im-a-tZ-h³ ]pjv]-_mWw Ab-bv¡p-I-bpw- ]-c-a-in-h³ A\p-cmK hnh-i-\m-Ip-Ibpw Ima-tZ-hsâ Cu {]hr-¯n-bn tIm]w-]q­ alm-tZ-h³ Xsâ Xr¡-®m Ima-tZ-hs\ `kva-am¡n. `ÀXrZp:J¯n AaÀ¶ cXo-tZhn hne-]n-¡p-Ibpw CXp-I­v k¦-S-s¸«v tZh-kv{Xo-IÄ t\ms¼-Sp¯v inh-{]o-Xn-bv¡mbn {]mÀ°n-¨p. {]mÀ°-\-bnepw {hXm-\p-jvTm-\-¯nepw kw{]o-X-\mbn ]c-a-in-h³ Ima-tZ-hs\ ]p\ÀPo-hn-¸n-¨p. XpSÀ¶v alm-tZ-h³ ]mÀÆ-Xo-tZ-hnsb AÀ²mw-Kn-\n-bmbn kzoI-cn-¨p.
\µo-tI-tim-Õhw
Xncp-hm-Xnc DÕ-h-¯nsâ kam-]\ Znhkw `K-hm³ inhsâ Awi-amb \µn-tI-is\ hnhn[ Ic-I-fn \n¶pw `qX-KW AI-¼-Sn-tbmsS Fgp-¶-Ån-¡p¶ NS-§mWv \µn-tI-tim-Õ-hw. {io ]c-a-in-hsâ D¯a `à\pw `qX-KW t{ijvT-\p-amb \µn-tI-isâ kaÀ¸-W-¯n\v ap¼n am{X-amWv `K-hm³ tXmÂhn k½-Xn-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. `K-hmsâ lrZ-b-au-\-¯n-te-bv¡pÅ {]mÀ°-\-bmWv \µn-tI-i³. `àn-]qÀÆw \µn-tI-isâ IÀ®-§-fn kaÀ¸n-¡p¶ GsXmcp {]mÀ°-\bpw inh-]m-X-¯n-se¯pw F¶mWv hnizm-kw. DÕ-h-¯nsâ kam-]\ Znhk-amb Cu Xncp-hm-Xnc \mfn sshIp-t¶cw Xme-s¸m-enbpw hnf¡pw Kw`oc tLmj-bm-{X-tbmSpw IqSn {io Xpt¼mSv A¸sâ Xncp-D-Õhw kam-]n-¡p-¶p.
inh-cm{Xn (Ipw`w þ inh-cm{Xn)
amL-am-k(-a-X-c-¯nse Idp-¯-hmhp Ignªp Ipw`-am-k-¯nse Idp-¯-hm-h-e-sc) ¯nse Imdp¯ NXpÀ±in Znh-k-amWv alminh-cm-{Xn -NXpÀ±in AÀ²-cm-{Xnbv¡p X«p¶ Znh-k-amWv inh-cm-{Xn{hXw c­p cm{XnIÄ¡p-X-«p-¶p-s­-¦n H¶m-a-t¯-XmWv FSp-t¡-­Xv {Xtbm-Zin kw_-Ô-ap-Å-in-h-cm{Xn D¯-a-amWv DZ-bm-Zp-Z-bm´w hcp¶ NXpÀ±in a[y-aamW vAamhm-kn-bp-I-X-am-bXv \nµyhpamWv ]mem-gn-a-Y-\-Im-e-¯v D­mb lmem-lev sa¶ hnjw apgp-h³ {io alm-tZ-h³ ]m\w sNbvXp B hnj-_m[ Ahn-tS-bv¡p-­m-hm-Xn-cn-bv¡m³ tZh-•mÀ A¶p apgp-h³ D]-h-kn¨ Dd-§msX `K-h-²ym\w sNbvXp ]c-a-in-h\p .\o-e-I-WvTXzw kw`-hn¨ Cu Znh-k-s¯-bmWv inh-cm{Xn F¶p ]d-bp-¶Iv . aäp {hX-§Ä H¶p A\p-jvTn-¡m-¯-hÀ inh-cm-{Xn-{hXw am{Xw A\pjvTn¨m aäp kIe {hX-§fpw A\p-jvTn¨ ^e-ap-­m-Ip-a-s{X. {_m]-a-ap-lpÀ¯-¯n (D-t±-iw -\meca-Wn-bv¡v) Fgp-t¶Â¡Ww ]n¶oSv kv\m\-´cw `kva-cp-{Zm-£-[m-cWw Ign¨v inh-\ma IoÀ¯-\w. inh-km-¶n²yw .in-h-{]-Z-£n-Ww. inthm-lw-`m-h\ apXembh sN¿Ww ]I aph³ D]-hm-k-hpw. inh-]p-cmW ]mcm-b-Whpw \nhr-¯nbp s­¦n BZn-hkw apgp-h³ inh-t£-{X-§-fnÂXs¶ IgnbpIbpw kmbw-k-Ôybv¡v ho­pw Ipfn¨v inh-]qP hnez-Z-fmÀ¨\w inh \a-kvImcw apX-em-bh Ign¨v cm{Xn Dd-¡-tam-gn-¡bpw thWw ]ntä¶v inh-]qP {_m]-a-W-t`m-P\w Zm\w apX-em-bh sNbvX-tijw ]mc-W-I-gn-¡mw.IÀ®m-S-I-¯n tKmIÀ®-¯pw sh«¯p-\m-«n Xr{]-t§m-«pw-]m-e-¡m«v IsÃ-¡p-f-§-cbnepw Fd-Wm-Ipfw PnÃ-bnse Bep-hm-bn-epw XrÈnh-t]-cqÀ hS-¡pw-\m-Y-t£-{X-¯nepw inh-cm-{Xn {][m-\-am-WvXr-{]-t§m-«p-t£{Xw ]Ýn-a-Zzm-c-amWv A\m-Zn-bmWv `K-hm³ kzbw-`qhpw arXyq-RvP-b-\p-am-Wv. tKmIÀ®-t£-{Xw. cma-tk-Xp. hmcm-W-kn. F¶n-hbpw CXp-t]mse {]kn-²-amWv.
CShw þ {]Xn-jvTm-hmÀjnIw (a-I-bncw \£-{Xw)
amk hnti-j-§Ä
awK-ey-]qP (FÃm ]uÀ®an Znhkhpw)
hnhm-l-X-SÊw \o§p-¶-Xn\pw Zm¼-Xy-hn-P-b-¯n\pw, s\Sp-amw-K-ey-¯n\pw, IpSpw_ sFiz-cy-¯n\pw th­n FÃm ]uÀ®an \mfnepw awK-ey-]qP \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p.A¯m-g-]q-P-tbm-sSm¸w alm-tZ-h\pw {io ]mÀÆ-Xo-tZ-hn¡pw {]k-¶-]q-P-bv¡mbn IZ-fn-¸-gw, shäne, AS-bv¡, D®n-b-¸w F¶nh \nth-Zn¨v tZho-tZ-h³amsc {]k-¶-cm¡n \mfnepw t]cnepw ]qP Ign-¸n¨m awKey `mKyw kn²n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. \nc-h[n `à-cpsS A\p-`h km£yhpw ]qPm-am-lm-ßyhpw kn²n-ssh-`-hhpw CXn-\m kt´m-j-]qÀÆw hnfw-_cw sN¿p-¶p. .
aäp hnti-j-§Ä