Hcp Ime¯v kakvX sFiz-cy-§-tfmSpw IqSn inh-ssN-X\yw IpSn-sIm-n-cp¶ Hcp alm t£{X-am-bn-cp¶p Xpt¼mSv {io alm-tZh t£{Xw. Cu tZhm-e-b-¯n\v 4200 Hmfw hÀjw ]g-¡-ap-s¶v KWn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Xncp-hm-Xnc {][m\-ambn 9 AlÊpw ]I Bdm-t«mSpw IqSn DÕ-hm-Zn-Ifpw \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶p F¶pw shfn-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu tZi¯v 800Hmfw {_mÒW IpSpw-_-§Ä A[n-h-kn-¨n-cp¶p F¶pw bmKm[n Aán tlm{X IÀ½-§Ä \S-¯-s¸« `qan-bm-Wn-sX¶pw hniz-kn¨pt]mcp-¶p.
t£{X-¯nsâ ]Sn-ªmdpImWp¶ ]pjvI-c-Wn-bn \ocm-Sp¶ ImÀ-Xym-b-\otZhnsb t\m¡p¶ {io \oe-IWvT `K-hms\ ZnhyZrjvSn-bm ZÀin¨ Hcp ap\nhcy³ B tZhkm¶n-Zys¯ Xncn-¨-dnªp Bhm-ln¨v Bcm-[n¨vt]m¶p. ]n¡e¯v Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ X{´n-am-cm C¶p-Im-Wp¶ inh-enwK cq]-¯n {]XnjvT \nÀÆ-ln¨pF¶pw t{XXm-bp-K-¯n {io ]c-ip-cm-a-\m \nÀ½n-¡-s¸-«-XmWv Cu t£{X-sa¶v Hcp hnizm-khpw \ne-\n¡p-¶p.
GI-tZiw 250 hÀj-§Ä¡v ap¼v IpSntbä IÀj-IÀ ImSp-sh-«n-s¯-fn-¨-t¸mÄ XIÀ¶ t£{Xhpw inh-enwK {]Xn-jvTbpw t£{Xm-h-in-jvS-§fpw t£{X-¡p-fhpw Is-Sp-¡-s¸-«p. AXn-\p-tijw C¶v ImWp¶ t£{XInW-dn-\p-Ån hfÀ¶p\n¶ ssae-acw apdn¨v KÀ`-Krlw ]WnXv Bcm-[\ \S-¯n-t¸m-¶p.Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ cmP-hw-i-¯nsâ hnh-c-§-f-S-§p¶ aXn-eIw tcJ-I-fn Cu t£{Xs¯¡pdn¨v ]cm-aÀin-¡p¶ `mKw Cu alm t£{X-¯nsâ Ime-¸-g¡w km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.tZh-{]iv\ hn[n-bm t£{XX{´w Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ IpSpw-_-¯n\v Ah-Im-i-ap-Å-Xm-Ip¶p F¶v ImWp-Ibpw ]pXp-¡n-¸-Wn-bp¶ t£{X kap-Ñ-b-¯nsâ {iotIm-hnÂ, ta¡qc F¶nh XSn-bn ]WnXv Ing¡v ZÀi-\-ambn {io alm-tZ-h\pw ]Snªmdv ZÀi-\-ambn {io ]mÀÆXotZhntbbpw {]XnjvT sNbvXv Bcm-[\ \S-¯-W-sa¶v hn[n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn¨v t£{Xw ]p\:{]XnjvT \S¯n \ho-I-cn¨vhcp¶p.
t£{X X{´n :s\Sp-¼nÅn Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ ]ß-\m-`cv tKmhn-µcv \¼q-Xn-cn-¸mSv (kPn \¼q-Xn-cn-¸m-Sv)
XcW \Ãq-cnsâ Xm{´nI]mc-¼cyw GsXmcp ]mc-¼-cy-a-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ hn[n-{]-Im-c-amtWm {]Ya {]XnjvT \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶Xv AtX ]c-¼-c-Xs¶ XpSÀ¶pw B ssNX-\ys¯ ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]p\:{]XnjvT \S-¯p-¶-Xn\pw thW-sa¶v X{´imkv{X-¯nse Awe-L-\o-b-amb \nb-a-am-Wv. AsÃ-¦n AXv cmjv{S-¯n\pw P\-§Ä¡pw tZmj-am-Ip-¶p. Xc-W-\-Ãq-cnsâ Xm{´nI]mc-¼-cy-¯n\v tIc-tfm-Xv]-¯n-tbmfw ]g-¡hpw {]mNo-\-N-cn{X{KÙ§fn-seÃmw ]cm-aÀihpw Dv. AXn-te-ähpw {]mNo-\hpw {_Òm-WvU-]p-cm-Wm-´ÀK-X-sa¶v Icp-Xp-¶-h-bp-amb KmÀ¤-bp-[n-jvTnc kwhmZ cq]-¯n-epÅ 100 A²ym-b-§fpw 2300 tÇmI-§-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb tIc-f-a-lmßyw F¶ kwkvIrX {KÙ-¯n tZh-{]-Xn-jvT, X{´-{]-Zm\w F¶o A²ym-b-§-fn Xc-W-\-Ãq-cnsâ Xm{´n-Im-[n-Im-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hni-Z-ambn ]d-bp-¶p. AXp-{]-Imcw ]c-ip-cm-a³ tIcfw ]p\:krjvSn¨tijw t£{X\nÀ½mW§fpw {]Xn-jvT-Ifpw \S-¯n-¯p-SÀ¶pÅ {]Xn-jvTm-Zn- IÀ½-§fpw Xm{´n-Im-h-Im-i-§fpw \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn tbmKy-cmb {_mÒ-Wsc Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-hm³ Xocp-am-\n-¨p.
Im©o-]p-c-¯p-\n-¶p-amWv Xc-W-\-Ãq-cns\ kam-\-bn-¨-Xv. Ic-I-hnªp \n¡p¶ Imth-cn-bpsS adp-I-c-bn \n¡p¶ cv {_mÒ-W-tcmSv C¡-c-bn-te¡v IS-¶p-h-cm³ ]c-ip-cm-a³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw kz´w X]-i-àn-bm HcmÄ Ptem-]-cn-X-e-¯n-eq-sSbpw atä-bmÄ Xmsg a®n-eq-sSbpw ]pgIS-¶p-h-¶p. apI-fn-eqsS h¶ ]c¼cbv¡v Xc-W-\-Ãq-sc¶pw Xmsg `qan-bn-eqsS h¶ ]c-¼c Xmgva¬ F¶pw ]c-ip-cm-a³ t]cp-\ÂIn.
t\XrXzw XctWm \mav\m `hn-jykn
tIc-fm\zn PmXo\mw t{ijvT-Ým]n `hn-jykn
(B-b-Xn-\m \n§Ä Xc-W-\-Ãq-sc¶v Adn-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw tIcf {_mÒ-W-cn Gähpw t{ijvT-cmbn `hn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-s«. F¶-\p-{K-ln¨v ]c-ip-cm-a]²Xn F¶ t]cn {]kn-²-amb Xm{´nI {KÙw \ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvXp)
C¶pw Cu ]c-ipcma]²Xn {]Im-c-amWv Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ X{´w \nÀÆ-ln-¨p-t]m-cp-¶-Xv. kwK-ta-iz-]p-cn-bn (C-cn-§m-e-¡p-S) AhÀ¡v Krlhpw ]c-ip-cm-a³ \ÂIn-sb¶pw tIcfamlmßy¯n Xm{´ {][m\w F¶ Ccp-]Xmw A²ym-b-¯n ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. AXn-\p-tijw Xc-W-\-Ãq-cpw, Xmgva®pw Ah-cpsS injy-]-c-¼-c-Ifpw tNÀ¶v C¶v tIc-f-¯nsâ Xm{´n-Im-[n-Imcw \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p. Xm{´n-Im-[n-Imcw IqSmsX Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ cmP-hwi¯nsâ apJy-]p-tcm-ln-X-Øm-\hpw, Kpcp-Øm-\hpw Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ \¼q-Xn-cn-amÀ¡m-Wv. sImÃ-hÀjw 311 apX (hoctI-cfhÀ½-bpsS Imew apXÂ) Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ alm-cm-Pmhv \S-¯n-h-¶n-cp¶ Xpem-]p-cp-j-Zm\w, lnc-Wy-KÀ`w F¶o {Inb-IÄ¡v t\XrXzw \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶Xv Cu IpSpw-_-¡m-cm-Wv.
s\Sp-¼nÅn Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ ]ß-\m-`cv tKmhn-µcv \¼qXn-cn-¸m-SmWv (kPn \¼q-Xn-cn-¸m-Sv). Cu t£{X-¯nse X{´w \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xv.
imJ-IÄ
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s\Sp-¼nÅn Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ
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InS-§-tÈcn Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ
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ssX¡n-\n-tb-S¯v Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ
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shfp-t¯-S¯v Xc-W-\-ÃqÀ
X{´-apÅ {]kn-²-amb aäp-t£-{X-§Ä
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{io]-ß-\m`kzman-t£{Xw
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{io IqSÂam-Wn-Iy-kz-man t£{Xw
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ipNo{µw t£{Xw
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Nnd-bn³Iogv imÀ¡c `K-h-Xnt£{Xw
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s\¿m-än³Ic {ioIr-jvW-kzm-an-t£{Xw
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]mb-½Â i{Xp-Lv\-kzm-an-t£{Xw
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GhqÀ {ioIr-jvW-kzm-an-t£{Xw
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tNem-aäw {ioIr-jvW-kzm-an-t£{Xw.
